Nvidia wants to cut data center water use, but that’s not the same as fixing AI’s water problem
Nvidia announced a new cooling system that cuts water use inside the data center. But it does nothing to address AI's biggest water use — fossil fuel power plants.
Nvidia just announced a warm-water cooling system that it says can dramatically reduce the amount of water a data center uses — eliminating “pretty much all water usage” inside the data center, according to an Nvidia executive in a press release .
“The water consumption challenge for data centers is largely solved,” Josh Parker, chief sustainability officer at Nvidia, recently told Axios.
But that’s only part of the water story. As long as AI data centers run on fossil fuels — a choice tech companies are increasingly making — the savings stop at the data center’s walls.
The core issue is how Nvidia measures data center water use. According to its blog post, the company essentially draws a line around the data center. Anything inside gets counted, and anything outside gets ignored.
To be fair, Nvidia’s system does appear to deliver on its facility-level promise — the coolant runs in a closed loop, filled once and recirculated for the life of the facility, meaning no new water is consumed to cool the chips. In favorable climates, the company says, that can amount to a 100% reduction in on-site water use.
TechCrunch has asked Nvidia to clarify the matter, and we’ll update this article if we receive a reply.
The problem is, water use outside of the data center — primarily in electricity generation and chip manufacturing — can double or triple the total water footprint of a facility. That means Nvidia’s solution addresses about a quarter to a third of AI data centers’ total water consumption.
The new system is clever, pumping coolant into racks at 45°C (113°F). That’s hot for humans but not for computer chips. After passing through a server, the coolant emerges at 55°C (131°F), Nvidia said, bringing a significant amount of heat away from the hardware.
At that temperature, the outside air in most climates can draw heat off passive radiators without evaporative cooling or, in some cases, fans. A data center without fans or chillers would not only use less water, but it would also be more efficient and quieter.
But no data center can operate without an electricity supply, and many types of power plants are themselves major water consumers.
Fossil fuel power plants are one of the largest water users in the U.S., consuming 2.7 billion gallons per day, according to the U.S. Geological Survey — most of it for evaporative cooling. Natural gas power plants use 1.17 liters of water for every kilowatt-hour of electricity they generate, according to a recent study . Coal plants are even more water-intensive, using 2.2 liters per kilowatt-hour. Fossil fuel power plants collectively generate about half of all data center power today, according to the IEA.
Hydropower dams, which supply around 10% of data center power, don’t consume water in the same direct way, but evaporation from their reservoirs into 6.8 liters lost per kilowatt-hour generated. Geothermal, a source that tech companies are starting to explore, varies widely — it can be higher or lower depending on the specific technology. Some enhanced geothermal startups, like Fervo, have pledged to use mostly “degraded” water that would otherwise go unused.
Wind and solar power, on the other hand, use vanishingly small amounts of water, about 0.01 liters and 0.03 liters per kilowatt-hour, respectively — figures that include the water needed for manufacturing and cleaning solar panels.
While renewables are providing a growing share of new electricity capacity, natural gas and coal are expected to provide more than 40% of new electricity needed to meet data center demand through 2030, the IEA projects. Without major changes to that trajectory, data centers will still consume large amounts of water, regardless of what Nvidia does inside its walls.
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Tim De Chant is a senior climate reporter at TechCrunch. He has written for a wide range of publications, including Wired magazine, the Chicago Tribune, Ars Technica, The Wire China, and NOVA Next, where he was founding editor.
De Chant is also a lecturer in MIT’s Graduate Program in Science Writing, and he was awarded a Knight Science Journalism Fellowship at MIT in 2018, during which time he studied climate technologies and explored new business models for journalism. He received his PhD in environmental science, policy, and management from the University of California, Berkeley, and his BA degree in environmental studies, English, and biology from St. Olaf College.
You can contact or verify outreach from Tim by emailing tim.dechant@techcrunch.com .
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Pontos-chave
- A nova solução de resfriamento da Nvidia reduz o uso de água dentro do data center, mas ignora a pegada hídrica da geração de energia.
- A dependência de fontes fósseis de energia no Brasil pode comprometer os esforços de sustentabilidade das empresas de tecnologia.
- A transparência nas métricas de consumo de água é crucial para uma abordagem holística da sustentabilidade.
Análise editorial
A iniciativa da Nvidia de implementar um sistema de resfriamento que reduz o uso de água em data centers é um passo positivo, especialmente em um contexto global onde a sustentabilidade se torna cada vez mais crucial. No entanto, a abordagem da empresa revela uma limitação significativa: a redução do consumo de água dentro do data center não aborda a questão mais ampla da pegada hídrica associada à geração de energia, especialmente em um país como o Brasil, onde a matriz energética é diversificada, mas ainda depende de fontes fósseis em algumas regiões.
No Brasil, a crescente demanda por serviços de inteligência artificial e computação em nuvem está impulsionando a construção de novos data centers. A eficiência hídrica é um aspecto que deve ser considerado não apenas em termos de resfriamento, mas também em relação à fonte de energia utilizada. A dependência de usinas a gás natural e carvão, que consomem grandes quantidades de água, pode comprometer os esforços de sustentabilidade das empresas de tecnologia que operam no país.
Além disso, a Nvidia deve ser transparente sobre como suas métricas de consumo de água são calculadas. A abordagem de considerar apenas o uso de água dentro do data center pode criar uma falsa sensação de segurança em relação à sustentabilidade. É fundamental que as empresas do setor adotem uma visão holística sobre o uso de recursos, considerando o ciclo de vida completo de suas operações.
O que observar a seguir é como a Nvidia e outras empresas de tecnologia responderão a críticas sobre suas práticas de sustentabilidade e se adotarão medidas para mitigar o impacto ambiental de suas operações, incluindo a busca por fontes de energia renováveis. A pressão por maior transparência e responsabilidade ambiental deve aumentar à medida que a conscientização pública sobre questões climáticas cresce.
Por fim, a inovação em resfriamento é apenas uma parte da equação. As empresas precisam se comprometer com soluções que abordem a totalidade de sua pegada hídrica, desde a geração de energia até a fabricação de chips, para realmente avançar em direção a um futuro mais sustentável.
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Fonte original:
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Este artigo foi curado e publicado pelo AIDaily como parte da nossa cobertura editorial sobre desenvolvimentos em inteligência artificial. O conteúdo é baseado na fonte original citada abaixo, enriquecido com contexto e análise editorial. Ferramentas automatizadas podem auxiliar tradução e estruturação inicial, mas a decisão de publicar, a revisão factual e o enquadramento de contexto seguem responsabilidade editorial.
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